2014年5月18日 星期日

Prime Time: A Letter from Jane Fonda;珍芳達: 只有你可以決定,你擁有什麼樣的老年!(文/吳怡靜)

珍芳達

只有你可以決定,你擁有什麼樣的老年! 文/吳怡靜(天下雜誌2011-08)
五月中旬,法國坎城影展登場,只見紅毯上星光燦爛,年輕女星們爭奇鬥豔。 誰能想到,搶走媒體青睞,讓鎂光燈閃個不停的,竟是一位高齡已經七十三歲的美國阿嬤。
穿著一襲 Emilio Pucci 白色貼身長禮服,珍芳達看起來優雅又性感,看不出她已年過七旬。媒體一片讚嘆,都想問她,「妳的祕訣是什麼?」
對這位拿過兩屆奧斯卡影后的老牌女星來說,不老的祕訣除了靠運動、飲食、愛情,甚至整型外,更需要改變看待老化的態度──老年不再是黃昏,而是人生中的「黃金時段」。
「現代人愈來愈長壽,多出來的這一大段人生,你要怎麼過?為什麼不好好利用呢?」她質問。 八○年代,珍芳達的有氧舞蹈錄影帶,掀起了全球健身熱潮;三十年後,她以新書《黃金年華Prime Time》鼓勵大批陸續退休的嬰兒潮世代,活出更精彩、更健康、更快樂的老年時光。
以下﹐珍芳達的自述


「 我從來沒料到,自己可以活得這麼久,而且愈活愈快樂。是只有我這樣,還是很多人老了也如此?為什麼沒有人把老年,當成人生中的「黃金時段」?因為有這些疑問,才有了這本書。
我找了很多資料,有個針對三十五萬名美國人所做的大型研究發現,多數人在五十歲以後,通常會比過去更快樂。他們會變得比較沒有敵意、比較不焦慮或緊張。 原因何在?科學家也無法解釋。
但他們提出了一些滿合理的推論,例如,不論你是男人或女人、結了婚或單身、富有或貧窮,隨著年紀增長,你的人生通常漸入佳境,至少大部份的人是如此。 五十歲後,人生漸入佳境因為你已經是過來人,看過、走過、做過的人生經驗很多;你知道哪些危險不要再碰、哪些錯誤不要再犯、哪些東西你不需要、哪些事情你 應該放手,或者釋懷。
以我自己為例。多年來,我深受憂鬱症所苦,而且我父母親也都有憂鬱症。我常每天早上一醒來,就被許多負面的情緒淹沒。直到四十幾歲後,我發現,這些想法未必都是真的,才慢慢學會不再陷入灰暗的思考。
我在寫書時,訪問了很多人,他們也許體力大不如前,被病痛折磨,卻多半都很樂觀。因為他們的生命隨著歲月而成長,增加了智慧、覺悟、心靈上的自在等。所以,並不只有我是這樣,科學研究也證明,你可以愈老愈快樂。

弧形人生vs.階梯人生! 這本書裡,我提到了看待生命老化的兩種方法,這是已故的哈佛教授艾恩海姆所提出的兩種意象,第一種是傳統的、生物觀點的弧形(arch)模式:生命從你呱呱落地開始,在中壯年達到高峰,然後走向衰老。
但還有一種爬階梯(staircase)模式,也就是讓自己的生命一步一步往前發展,向更高的境界邁進。 我們的文化一向著迷於青春,所以大家只看到弧形的模式,老化被視為肉體的衰亡。
而階梯模式卻可以讓人在老年時,即使視茫髮蒼,也有機會再造巔峰。
最近,我剛演了一齣跟貝多芬有關的舞台劇。你知道嗎,他就是在晚年寫出了最好的作品。
畫家莫內是另一個例子。他老年時得了黃斑部病變,卻在幾乎全盲的狀態下,完成了他最好的畫作。
身體的退化會讓你變得遲緩,但這種遲緩反而使你有了不同的領悟,就像莫內的印象派繪畫所捕捉的。你會看到事物的本質,而不是那些細微的差異。 所以,我認為我們應該用爬階梯的方式,看待生命的老化。
現代人愈來愈長壽,這一代美國人的平均壽命,比他們的祖父母、曾祖父母多了三十四年。多出來的這一大段人生,你要怎麼過?為什麼不好好利用呢? 寫這本書,就是希望提供一些建議,讓大家在老年活得更精彩。舉例來說,持續運動,保持身體的活力,對老年人太重要了。
我看了很多研究才曉得,老化對身體造成的改變原來這麼大。 包括肌肉流失、骨頭變細、腦部縮小(特別是掌管計劃、思考能力的額葉皮質),以及血管硬化等。而只要你經常運動,就能減緩這些改變。
我一輩子都在運動,但現在已經不是為了怕胖要變瘦,而是為了維持身體的活動功能:有能力拿行李、抱孫子、在倒車時轉頭往後看。所以,我必須運動來維持身體 的彈性和平衡,還要設法留住一定的肌肉量。 由於我的臀部和膝蓋都動過手術,我現在不能跑,也不能做有衝擊性的運動,身體逼著我要慢下來。 做慢一點的運動也很好,會讓我感覺很優雅。
平常,我固定會做心肺功能訓練、舉重或阻力訓練,還有平衡訓練。 飲食也很重要。
我努力讓自己吃得健康,而且年紀愈大,愈要降低熱量的攝取,避免吃下那些只有熱量,沒有營養價值的空卡路里。
另外,自從拍了高達的《一切安好》,我有將近四十年沒用法語拍電影。但去年,我又去巴黎拍了一部法國片,部份原因,是為了鍛鍊我的腦力。
如果你已經有了固定的消遣活動,例如玩填字遊戲、縫拼布等,那當然很好。可是,老年人要保持頭腦靈活健康,最好的方法,就是去學新東西,例如學習新的語言、玩新的樂器等。 鍛鍊腦力,去學新東西吧!
我最近才開始學打網球,原本還要去學太極拳,但前陣子看了一齣百老匯音樂劇,深受吸引,現在決定改學踢躂舞。
三十年前,我跟父親(註:亨利方達)一起拍了《金池塘》,當時他已經重病纏身,拍完不久就過世。
看著他衰老而死,我突然領悟,真正讓我害怕的,不是死亡,而是帶著各種「想做卻來不及做」的遺憾,走向人生的終點。為什麼我這個沒做、那個沒做? 為什麼我沒有告訴她我很愛她?從那時起,我心裡面逐漸清楚,要如何度過自己的晚年:我希望我的晚年過得精彩,死去的時候,沒有太多的遺憾。

拍《金池塘》的時候,我跟凱薩琳赫本建立了非常深厚的友誼。老年學專家指出,想讓自己老得健康快樂,有個重要條件,就是要具備所謂的「代際關懷」(generativity   hc按: hc按:一般指有生產能力、有活力、生生不息的;此處指老年人要用照顧年輕一代,以豐富自己的人生最後一慕,第三幕---60歲起......)。

這是知名心理學家艾瑞克森發明的術語,意思是發揮做為長輩的角色,照顧並關心下一代的成長。研究已經證明,具備這種關懷的人,往往老得比較健康。 而對我來說,當年的凱薩琳赫本就是一個關懷後進的長輩,對我特別照顧,更傳給我許多人生智慧。

例如,她每天都會寫日記,而且她告訴我,裡頭寫最多的,就是她的失敗,「我發現,一個人從失敗與痛苦中學到的,遠比成功所給的還要多。」 我完全同意,因為我自己就是在人生的每個痛苦時刻,找到成長的機會。

我結過三次婚,後來都以離婚收場,這是我人生中最大的挫折,尤其是後兩次離婚,讓我痛苦萬分,接近崩潰。 後來我告訴自己,不要忙亂,靜下來,好好想一想,應該從這些挫折和痛苦中,學到什麼。慢慢地,我才開始找出新的自我意識!

 
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Prime Time: Love, health, sex, fitness, friendship, spirit; Making the most of all of your life 


  • Paperback: 448 pages
  • Publisher: Random House Trade Paperbacks; 1 edition (May 22, 2012)

 A Letter from Jane Fonda
In my memoir, My Life So Far, I defined my life in three acts: Act I, from birth to 29 years; Act II, from 30 to 59 years; and Act III, from 60 until the end. It really seemed to resonate with people, and a few years after the book came out, my editor at Random House, Kate Medina, came to me and suggested I write a book focusing more on the Third Act. I was interested in doing this because I was already well into my Third Act and relished the challenge to dig deeper, to understand its meaning, to learn how to make the most of it, and to navigate the inevitable challenges of aging--what is negotiable and what isn't.
Third Acts are important. They can make sense out of what may seem like discordant, confusing First Acts. Third Acts can, if we think about it, allow us to discover who we really are. Entered with intention, Third Acts can help us become midwives to ourselves before we die.
I knew that this exploration is especially important now, because in the last century, the average life expectancy has expanded by 35 years! Think about it: At the time of our founding fathers, the average person died at around 35 years of age. Now we can expect to live, on average, 80 years! An entire second adult lifetime! This amazing gift of time means that Third Acts have gained a whole new significance.
Yet we are pioneers within this new reality. We need a road map to show us how to navigate the new terrain. I wanted to create this roadmap--for myself, as well as for my readers. We who are approaching our Third Acts (or are already in the midst of them, as I am), can show the way for those coming up--our children, grandchildren, nieces, and nephews.
We are still living with the old paradigm of aging, which can best be described as an arch: We are born, we peak at midlife, and then decline--age as pathology.
While researching my book, I discovered another paradigm, one that is far more appropriate given the longevity revolution. It is the image of a staircase, an upward ascension until the end--age as potential--for wisdom, authenticity, and wholeness.
This metaphor for aging is one that I myself am experiencing, and I wanted to understand why this is so and write about it. Yes, my body is experiencing the effects of age, but after coming through a very difficult, painful midlife, I find that I am happier, more peaceful, and more content than I have ever been. My relationships are deeper and less anxious. I find this is true, by the way, for most of my older friends. This was not at all what I had expected at this stage of life! Yes, we forget things, but we also remember a lot and with more vividness now because we know why we want to remember them. Yes, we lose eyesight, but we gain insight. We learn what we need and what to let go of. We tend to make lemons into lemonade instead of mountains out of molehills. Scientists call this the Positivity Factor and their research shows it to be the case for most women and men over 50, regardless of their circumstances, even in the face of physical challenges. How, I wanted to know, can we ensure this is true for us?
I sat myself down and made a list of all the things I wanted to know about aging, from sex to exercise; from nutrition to wisdom. A to Z. I talked to scientists, doctors, priests. To centenarians. To men and women in long-term marriages, and those who were looking for love or needing a way out of loneliness. I write about my own experiences and much more.
I realized that to better navigate our Third Act, we benefit by reviewing the first two acts. I call this doing a Life Review, and it can profoundly alter our understanding of ourselves, our past, and what we need to do to complete ourselves as we ascend the staircase to the end. This is why Prime Time includes a discussion of Acts I and II and the developmental issues that lie within each of them, as well as questions you can ask yourself about how you were at those times. Understanding these things can help you swing into your Third Act as prepared as possible to make it your Prime Time.

--This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.

2014年5月17日 星期六

Out of Time: The Pleasures and the Perils of Ageing by Lynne Segal


劉進興分享了 Ku Bauman相片
多麗• 萊辛的《特別的貓》
超級好看!


 作家Doris Lessing活了94歲。談到老年,她說:「年紀一大把足堪告白的秘密是-你只有形骸變化,其實啥都沒變。」老舊的皮囊羈囿不住狂騷的靈 魂;Lessing內力旺盛,筆鋒遒勁妙文不絕。人屆晚年,流年似水沾絲晦暗,故舊逐一離座,傷懷與孤獨感如暮靄四合,可憤青的老後,卻未曾氣短。

專研女性情慾的英國基進女性主義者Lynne Segal,本身也是心理學家,觀察到-少人能主動知覺自己年歲的老邁,這是aging神奇之處---這種心理與肉身的錯位感會尾隨歲數而累增。 Segal邁入初老近期就寫下Out of Time: The Pleasures and the Perils of Ageing 一書,想搞懂age gracefully意所何指?她探索很多創作、文化與學術作品剖析暮年的尊嚴、優雅與奧秘。
Segal 提到「社會高齡化」滋生的政經副作用是-世代敵意,上世代人容易成為替罪羔羊-尤其嬰兒潮世代,社會利益全佔盡吃乾抹淨,剩餘一個坑疤殘破的社 會強迫年輕人買單。而保守歐美政客藉機操弄年齡歧視,轉移選民對官商勾結、公共政策不作為之失能政權的監督與批判。上了年紀,Segal火氣稍歇,也無意 在新著頂撞時局,反現觀審老年意義的抒情慢板。她在Simore de Beauvoir的著作尋找靈感。Beauvoir 半百時,愛侶Sartre琵琶別抱另尋新歡,才女宛如落衰棄婦,但Beauvoir谷底生命逆轉勝---她結交新戀人,更積極投身文壇社運,出走大男人陰 影自己活出一片天,成就哲學家Beauvoir。Segal 書末留下一段話:” If old age is not to be “an absurd parody of our former’ life,” it is essential to “go on pursuing ends that give our existence meaning”, such as devotion to other people, causes and creative work. This may well be the secret to enjoying life at any age.”








Out of Time: The Pleasures and the Perils of Ageing, by Lynne Segal – review

Lynne Segal offers a powerful manifesto for dealing with the march of time
SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
Lynne Segal’s account of ageing contrasts sharply with that of Simone de Beauvoir, above, who published an anguished memoir about growing old when she was in her 60s. Photograph: Sipa Press/Rex
The mighty Simone de Beauvoir published Old Age in 1970, when she was in her early 60s. A troubled, anguished and angry testimony, it detailed her profound dismay at the sagging of the body; the loss of looks (her own and the admiring glances of others), the absence of desire and the unwilling and uncomfortable contemplation of mortality. Not for her the basic philosophy of Woody Allen: "Old age isn't so bad, when you consider the alternative."
  1. Out of Time: The Pleasures and the Perils of Ageing
  2. by Lynne Segal
  1. Tell us what you think: Star-rate and review this book
In contrast, Lynne Segal's thoughtful analysis of ageing offers a far more combative, zestful approach. It asks: when suffering from "temporal vertigo", absorbing at once all the ages you have ever been, and dealing with the inevitable loss of loved ones, how do you accept the physical ravages and build on the experiences of the past, to live fully in the present? What does it mean to age well?
Segal, now in her 60s, is a socialist feminist and anniversary professor of psychology and gender studies at Birkbeck College, University of London. For the past 30 years, she has fearlessly taken on some of the loopier ideas of feminism and contributed significantly to a more optimistic agenda for sexual politics. In books such as Is the Future Female?, Slow Motion: Changing Masculinities, Changing Men and Straight Sex: The Politics of Desire, she challenged the kind of essentialism that believes that women are somehow "nicer" than men and that, as sections of the sisterhood argued, men are incapable of change.
Social conditioning is, obviously, particularly potent when it comes to the business of growing old. And here is Segal's first challenge. Whom does she define as old? "Late midlifers"? "Early elderly"? At what point does an individual cease being surprised at the wrinkled, chipmunked face in the mirror and begin the period of critical self-reflection that surely must be one of the perks of ageing? What's certain is that the number of years that have passed is no guide in itself; as the writer Penelope Lively says in Moon Tiger: "Chronology irritates me."
Madonna wearily refuses to age, while women are now bearing children in a decade when their mothers were ploughing through the menopause. Old age for Dante began at 45; for Hippocrates, it meant the 50s. Now, 10 million Britons are over 65 and soon centurions will be the norm.
How we age is influenced by society's attitudes and currently "youthism" reigns, but it is also dictated by events in the shape of disease, desertion and unexpected isolation and deprivation. A fifth of those over 65 live in poverty, the majority of them women.
Segal's book is worth buying alone for the vim with which she sees off the "dim-witted" arguments of coalition minister David Willetts and historian Francis Beckett, among others, who insist that the baby-boomers have stolen all the booty and forfeited their children's future. Neoliberals, not the baby-boomers, have done the damage, Segal argues, and there are better ways to share the diminished spoils – a tax on corporate wealth, for one.

To help construct her guide for a "good" old age, Segal calls on an army of poets, writers, academics and activists, perhaps too many, when it's her voice the reader may seek. Her recommendations include remaining politically active (she quotes the inestimable John Berger, in his 80s: "…one protests… in order to save the present moment, whatever the future holds"); valuing interdependency; treasuring connections with those who are younger; seeking out joy and ignoring all instructions to opt for invisibility and celibacy.

Until her 40s, Segal and her son lived in a collective in her large house in north London. Then she cohabited more conventionally with her male partner; she was 15 years older and he left her for a younger woman. Now, she has a female partner. Segal quotes from June Arnold's novel, Sister Gin, in which Su, in her 50s, falls for Mamie, a woman in her 80s. "My darling's face has been walked on by life," Su says, as a valediction, not a complaint.
Most of the cast that Segal rallies to explore her theme share an experience of beauty and/or fame, among them the poet Robert Frost ("No memory having starred/ Atones for later disregard/ or keeps the end from being hard"). The majority of those growing older will face other challenges. For millions, especially, perhaps, feminists, paid work, a career, has played a significant part in providing motivation and in forging an identity. Will retirement mean an erosion of a core sense of self? Or, looking back, is it possible to build on aspects of yourself you were never encouraged to value?
Segal quotes the remarkable Lou Andreas-Salomé, who, among her many achievements, became a psychoanalyst after the age of 60. "All my life I have done nothing but work," she said, near death. "And really, when you come to think of it… why?"
A question that could revolutionise ageing and that deserves an answer long before one runs out of time.

2014年5月13日 星期二

假的長照法? 真正的牛肉─「長照保險法」,民團:將使台灣成老人的悲慘世界

假的長照法? 民團:將使台灣成老人的悲慘世界
假的長照法? 民團:將使台灣成老人的悲慘世界
長照團體13日召開記者會,要求馬英九兌現承諾,端出真正的長照保險法。(林冠妙攝)
 
《長 期照顧服務法》草案將於明天進行朝野協商,長照團體痛批初審通過的只是一部機構及人員的管理法,且有過多空白授權,馬英九2008年競選的宣示是長照「保 險」,而非長照「服務」法,若通過目前的法律架構,將扼殺預防性社區照顧及本土照護人力發展,造成台灣老人的悲慘世界。
歷 經四年審議的《長期照顧服務法》草案,於今年1月8日初審通過,共55條的草案,尚有20多條條文保留,將於明天進行政黨協商,「普及照顧政策聯盟」、 「民間長照推動聯盟」(長推盟)、台北大學社工系教授王品與林淑芬、尤美女及劉建國立委今(13)日共同召開「長服法扼殺服務和人力,台灣長照無路倘行」 記者會,堅決反對通過這部空法,要求政府實現承諾,儘快端出真正的牛肉─「長照保險法」。

相關法規整合不足 行政權獨大
普 及照顧聯盟召集人劉毓秀批評,政府端不出長照保險法,拿僵化的長照服務法來搪塞,條文中對各法規之整合不足,全世界沒有國家訂長期照顧服務專法,而是「長 照保險法」,意即由相關法令如老人福利法、身心障礙者權益保障法、護理人員法、精神衛生法及退輔條例等明定即可,這樣疊床架屋的長照服務法,不要也罷!
扼殺「預防性社區長照」發展空間
劉 毓秀憂心的說,長照法中提到長照機構依「居家式」、「社區式」、「機構式」等服務方式,但未在母法清楚規範服務內容,僅授權子法訂定設立類型及標準,且過 多的空白授權,形成行政權獨大,對人民的權利影響重大。目前的版本只允許「機構式」服務兼辦外展「社區式」和「居家式」服務,她表示,應把長照的重點放在 「預防性照顧」的新思維,且國內迫切需要的是社區式長照服務,現行草案一旦通過,將扼殺「預防性社區長照」服務發展空間。
馬英九允長照「保險法」,非「服務法」
老 人福利推動聯盟秘書長吳玉琴指出,現行的《長期照顧服務法》是部空洞的法,只是一部《長期照顧機構與人員管理法》,不僅沒辦法發展服務,還約制服務的提供 和人員的發展,且罰則高達四分之一,如規定長照服務人員,除了要登錄,還要經地方政府核准,若未依程序將罰6千至1萬5千元,對已嚴重缺乏的人力層層管 制,扼殺照顧人力發展,立法目的若只是為了管理方便,讓政府有更多約制的角色,長照服務法就不必立了!她強調,當初馬英九承諾的是長照「保險法」,而非長 照「服務法」,呼籲政府別以含糊、沒內容的長照服務法愚弄人民。
假長期照顧法 真機構管理法?
立 委林淑芬表示,民進黨無法接受行政院版本的長照法,因為這不是真正的長照法,只是機構和人員的管理法,只是為了兌現支票而推出的假的長照法,假的政績。她 說之先前提出的長照十年計畫,首先是要將服務輸送的體系建立好,在地就可直接使用,並培養在地人力,但現在沒有服務輸送體系,就要談機構管理和照顧的規 範,根本是捨本逐末。
扼殺「本土人力」發展機會
林 淑芬說,長照人力服務市場是供給小於需求,但在服貿協議中,政府打算引進中資,投資超大型的營利性長照機構,同時開放金融保險業投資,雖強調只是投資,並 非直接經營,但投資就是為了取得實質的經營主導權,而大型入住式的長照機構,屆時勢必引進大量外籍看護工,將扼殺在地婦女二度就業的人力,扼殺社區型照顧 發展。
開放中資營利 長照門戶洞開
尤 美女立委指出,國民黨強推的長照法版本,只著重最末端的重症失能者,因此需要「機構式」照顧,所以整部法就成了機構的管理法,她強調長照法要有「預防性」 的照顧思維,若先在前端讓老人健康的、在地的老化,輕鬆的照顧,就不需要在後端負擔長照保險的支出,也無需將所有人力投入機構的照顧,現行的版本將有限的 國家資源全部挹注在末端的重症照顧,再以大型機構的需求為由,在服貿及自經區中開放營利,門戶洞開,明天一定全力阻擋。
長 照團體表示,現行版長照法扼殺預防性社區照顧、扼殺本土人力發展,這無可回復的兩大傷害會彼此惡化,亦加強了長照等於重度失能、失智的連結,使服務人員更 不易召募,終致人力短缺,最後失能老人僅能選擇「入住式機構」,由外籍看護工照顧,形成可憐外勞照顧悲慘老人的台灣版悲慘世界!

2014年5月7日 星期三

臺灣老年E起來!?-數位老年面面觀

http://epaper.ntu.edu.tw/view.php?listid=240&id=20949

國立臺灣大學風險社會與政策研究中心邀請您5月21日(三)晚間18:30-21:00,參與中心所舉辦的鉅變新視界沙龍:臺灣老年E起來!?-數位老年面面觀」議題。 所有風險社會與政策研究中心活動皆採用線上報名,歡迎您參觀本中心網站,一同關心社會焦點議題,感謝您!
「鉅變新視界臺灣沙龍」是中心為因應全球鉅變下臺灣社會逐漸覺醒的更深化與普遍的「公民認識與行動力」,期待透過沙龍的方式,讓臺灣以至於人類社會的永續發展與幸福有幫助的「創新(觀念)、論述(知識)、實踐(行動)」,能在開放、自由包含學界、社會人士、公民團體、官方、企業界、學生、各行各業所有利益關係者能夠參與的沙龍。期待透過本沙龍能夠在臺灣公民知識與行動覺醒的關鍵時刻,擔任一個平臺、傳播與深化的角色。
「鉅變新視界沙龍」活動網頁:http://rsprc.ntu.edu.tw/m06/66-changes-horizons-salon-taiwan-elderly-e-up
 

2014年5月5日 星期一

年輕人鮮血可使人青春? reverse the effects of ageing

年輕人鮮血的效力是某種程度而已, 這在60年前即有關於蔣介石的傳言可說明.........

'Vampire' Mice May Hold Key to Eternal Youth

New studies published in Science and Nature Medicine find that older mice who are given blood from younger rodents quickly become rejuvenated, raising hopes for treating age-related degenerative conditions in humans like dementia and Alzheimer's 


Researchers in the US are closing in on a therapy that could reverse the effects of ageing. Experiments on mice have demonstrated the dramatic rejuvenating effects of chemicals found naturally in young blood
Giving old mice young blood reversed age-related declines in brain function, muscle strength and stamina, researchers say
The Guardian|由 Ian Sample 上傳

2014年5月2日 星期五

坦然面對衰老 (尹浩鏐)

二零一四年五月號明報月刊
昔日文章
坦然面對衰老 (尹浩鏐)
  老年人需多注重養生,培養嗜好和活動,話雖如此,也不宜參與過份劇烈的活動,畢竟肌肉、關節和心肺功能等已大不如前,在此介紹一下適合老年人養生保健的活動。
  釣魚是一種高雅的休閒方式,一般老年人喜靜不喜動,坐在草木叢中,目視碧波蕩漾,鼻聞野草芳香,呼吸清純的新鮮空氣,令人心矌神怡,無魚上釣時,培養耐性,樹立信心,把自己融入大自然中,從而達到清心寡欲的境界,其樂無窮。
  種花既是體力勞動鍛煉,也是文化藝術修養的 體現;對身心具有良好的調節作用,生動別致的盆景,給人生命的感染力,使人賞心悅目,童心不泯,增添生活美,激勵人對生活的熱愛,消除老年人夕陽西下的遲 暮感。賞花可以煥發人的青春,增強人的活力,花草在光合作用的過程中吸收空氣中的二氧化碳,放出氧氣,對人體身心健康有益,減少身心疾病的發病率,對患心 臟血管疾病的人也有好處。在綠色環境中活動能消除疲勞和緊張情緒,脈搏減緩,呼吸均勻,嗅覺、味覺、聽覺和思維活動增強。盆景更是活的藝術品,是藝術美與 自然美的融合,它源於自然又高於自然,產生詩情畫意的意境而達到增進文化修養的效果。
  音樂是通過人體的聽覺器官感知,對人的情緒 有特殊的感染力,生理學家早已認識到音樂具有感化人性情的作用,歷史上有韓信悲歌散楚兵的故事。選擇適當的音樂可以收到一定的醫療效果。老年人聽適合的音樂,可豐富感情生活,享受美的樂趣,激活大腦功能,喚回失去的記憶,對老年癡呆症有良好的康復作用,音樂也有調和血脈頤養五臟的作用。當適當的音樂頻率、 音量和節奏傳入聽覺中樞神經後,常常與人體內的振動頻率和生理節奏相適應而起共鳴,產生物理作用,激發人體的潛能,使人體分泌有益健康的激素、蹆、乙醯膽 鹼等活性物質,改善人的神經、心血管、內分泌及消化系統功能,增加肺活量。古人云:看花解悶,聽曲消愁,有勝於藥;此語不虛也。
  氣功應是老年人養生的法寶。氣功方法有一千 二百多種,但不外乎通過呼吸運氣、靜坐、太極拳運動、鬆弛和精神調節這五種方式進行。對患高血壓而使心臟能量減弱的病人,練氣功深呼吸時,前腦微細管血液 含氧量增加,可增強大腦功能,當運用腹部橫膈膜呼吸時,腹壓降低,腹部血管血流加速,刺激血管內膜分泌大量一氧化氮,使血管尤其腎血管擴張,腎素分泌減 少,血壓隨之下降,心臟血搏出量增加,周邊血流量增加,同時也增加氧化靜脈血回流,最近實驗證明,每天作半小時靜坐氣功呼吸,即使減少服用降血壓藥物,仍 能維持正常的血壓水平;而不做氣功的病人即使服用平常的劑量,血壓仍然不穩定。而且常服藥物有副作用。靜坐不但可以使人消除疲勞,同時可以減輕肌肉痙攣及 緊張。氣功還可以增強人體免疫力,降低壓力荷爾蒙及增加白血球分泌的抗癌元素。
  靜坐時需保持正當的姿勢,脊椎的姿勢對內臟 器官功能有極大影響,當脊椎彎曲時,它會壓迫內臟器官,阻礙消化系統功能,靜脈回流受阻,久而久之導致脊椎變形,壓迫神經。人到老年性荷爾蒙遞減,性功能 下降,氣功能使性荷爾蒙分泌增加。同時也增加體內過氧化物歧化蹆的分泌,對抗體內自由基的破壞作用。總之,氣功幫助人體自身保健,比普通運動效果更佳,它 對預防及治療慢性病,如高血壓、心血管疾病、老化、神經肌肉疾病、對抗腫瘤等具有不可忽略的意義。
  站在七十五歲的大門前,用過去的眼光看,絕對是老了。我們的祖父輩經歷過戰亂、饑荒,勞作半生把我們養大,他們在物質匱乏的年代辛苦了幾十年,到五十歲時就掩不住滿臉的滄桑,六十歲時已衰老不堪。 我們這一代,好歹還趕上個好時代。所以不要抱怨歲月無情,不要害怕自己正在老去。要知道每個人都會變老,何不坦然面對,臉上帶覑笑容,內心充滿快樂,讓自 己美麗、愉快地度過每一天。
  (本欄由黃岐、苗延垰、楊日華、尹浩鏐撰寫。)